In this article, we attempt to describe a conceptual thread among three interesting figures in the fields of philosophy, mathematics, and logic: Nishida, Suetsuna, and Takeuti. First, we briefly explain Nishida's thoughts in this field. Next, we review the mathematical philosophy of the well-known number theorist Suetsuna (1898–1970) influenced by Nishida's thoughts. Finally, We focus on Takeuti (1926–2017)'s mathematical philosophy, who is the most well-known Japanese logician in the field of proof-theory. By reviewing his thoughts and explaining them in terms of Nishida's philosophy, we indicate that an important source of Takeuti's philosophical ideas behind his foundations of mathematics should be Nishida's philosophy.