The leisure problem today has become an important social problem requiring an emergent solution. But unfortunately we still do not have any theoretical framework for; it. Although this paper ultimately aims at a theoretical construction of sociology of leisure, it directly confines itself to reconstruction of historical reality with a frame of reference, which will certainly be useful to establish "the domain of leisure." This paper is divided into two sections. The first part is about the frame of reference at societal level. The frame is composed of power and function. Power is defined as an ability to control the relative scarcity value among life elements. Members of a society are divided into two, basing on power component. One is power-holder, the other is power-loser. Though the concept of function has various usages among the students of functionalism, it is used here in the meaning of T. Parsons. By function, life elements are divided into two clusters ; one is instrumental, the other is consummatory. The second part deals with the reconstruction of historical reality by the frame of reference composed of power and function. The whole historical reality is divided into four eras. The first era is called one-facet society, where power and function are not differentiated. The second is called two-facets society, where two components are differentiated from each other but overlap. Two facets are called here as consummatory-upper cluster and instrumental-lower cluster. The third era is distorted-four-facets society, where two components are differentiated and crossed, but consummatory function is difined as social deviation ; hence, instrumental-upper cluster and instrumental-lower cluster. The last era is called four-facets society, where two components are differentiated and crossed ; namely, intrumental-upper, intrumental-lower, consummatory-upper, and consummatory-lower clusters.