One of the largest obstacles to developing a productivity account in Vietnam is the lack of the estimate on compensations of employees in the System of National Accounts. This paper constructs the data for Vietnam on hours worked by type of workers, which are cross classified by gender, education attainment, age, and employment status, and on hourly wages in each type of labor for the period 1970–2018. The data constructed in this paper is used to estimate labor share at the aggregate level, which has a micro foundation, and to develop the measure of the quality-adjusted labor input. Our estimates show that the improvement in labor quality was very modest at an annual rate of 0.1% from 1970 to 2000, but accelerated to an average of 1.9% per year from 2000 to 2018, accounting for 57.9% of the growth of quality-adjusted labor input of 3.3%.