近年、社会学・人類学的なフィールドワークの手法を大学教育に活用する試みが注目されている。本研究では研究代表者が従来から実践してきた、ボランティア等の社会貢献活動を授業に取り入れるサービス・ラーニング教育を発展させ、より本格的な社会学的フィールドワーク教育プログラムとしてモデル化すべく実践研究を行った。
研究代表者の授業(「研究会」「社会変動論特殊研究Ⅱ」)に参加した大学生は、事前に研修を受けたうえで週1回のペースで以下の活動のいずれかに参加した。①社会福祉法人青丘社が川崎市内で運営する、生活保護受給家庭の小中学生向け学習支援教室。②申請者が横浜市鶴見国際交流ラウンジ等と協働して運営する、外国につながる中高生等への学習支援および外国につながる若者の地域社会での居場所づくり活動(「つるみ夜教室」)。③NPO 法人 ME-net が県立川崎高校構内で実施する、外国につながる高校生への日本語・学習支援教室。④横浜市内のNPOが運営する、高校校内居場所カフェ(春学期のみ)。
学生は原則として1年間、活動に主体的・継続的に関わり、子ども・若者や他の支援者と信頼関係を築き、現場で起きる現実へと接近した。学生は現場の人々と対話した経験をフィールドノートに記録し、授業内での発表・討論によって省察し、文献講読によって得た知識で再解釈していった。各学期末には、そうした経験と知見をエスノグラフィー(民族誌)として作品化した。また授業内では活動報告のプレゼンテーションと活動記録映像の制作も実施した。
こうした過程を通じて、学生が習得した学問的知識をフィールドのなかで深化させ、社会の複雑な現実とその背景を理解し、自己と社会の関わりを省察し、より良い社会を構想する知的能力と想像力を高める様子を観察できた。協力していただいた各団体の担当者からも、学生たちの貢献や成長ぶりについて好意的評価をいただいた。
In university education, educational programs that utilize sociological and anthropological methods of fieldwork are attracting attention. In this project, I conducted a practical research to develop a service-learning education program that incorporates activities such as volunteer work, which I have been carrying out for a long time, into a model for a more organized sociological fieldwork education program.
Undergraduate students who participated in my courses received the guidance in advance and then participated in one of the following activities once a week. (1) Learning support classes for primary/junior high school students from families receiving public assistance, run by the Seikyu-Sha Social Welfare Corporation in Kawasaki. (2) Learning support classes for junior high and high school students with migrant backgrounds, and activities to create a place in the local community for young people with migrant backgrounds ("Tsurumi Yoru Kyoshitsu"), which I operates in cooperation with the Tsurumi International Lounge in Yokohama. 3) Japanese language and study support classes for high school students with migrant backgrounds conducted by the NPO ME-net in Kawasaki Prefectural High School. (4) A high school on-campus café run by an NPO in Yokohama (spring semester only).
The students were proactively involved in the activities for one year with building relationships of mutual trust with children/youths and other supporters, and they approached realities of the support activities. The students described their experiences as field notes. By the reflection through in-class presentations and discussions, the students reinterpreted their experiences with the knowledge they gained from reading assignments. At the end of each semester, they submitted an ethnography based on their experiences and findings. In addition, the students conducted presentations and produced video recordings on their activities in the class.
Through the processes, I was able to observe students deepening their academic knowledge in the field, understanding the complex realities of society and their backgrounds, reflecting on the relationship between themselves and society, and enhancing their intellectual capacity and imagination for a better society. I received positive feedback from the staff of the organizations that cooperated with us on the contributions and growth of the students.
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