『中国研究』第13号(2020年3月刊行)に「王惲詩に現れる農民像―喪乱詩を継ぐもの―」を発表した。本論文では王惲の詩における農民の描写に着目し、その特徴を明らかにした。
金・元の王朝交替は特に華北において壊滅的な被害をもたらし、史書の記録を比較しても人口の激減が確認出来る。王惲はモンゴル政権から草創期の元朝治下の華北に生きる人々の姿を忌憚の無い筆致で描写し、当時の凄絶な状況――破壊し尽くされ人煙の絶えた村・度重なる天候不順と飢饉・流民として乞食に身をやつす元農民・各種労役への従事――を詩中に描いている。
詩型は五言古詩が多数を占めるが、これは無論押韻の自由さと字数が無制限であることに起因している。一部七言絶句の連作という形で創作したもの(「農里歎」・「役者の語を録す」など)もある。これらの詩の特徴としては、特に長編の古詩において、王惲本人と農民が詩中に出現して対話形式で詩が展開するという点が挙げられる。
歴史学ではこの時代の基礎資料としてその文集が頻繁に使用される王惲であるが、中国文学史上、その詩はほとんど言及されることがなく、元代初期の数少ない詩人の一人として挙げられるに過ぎなかった。だが彼が農民を描いた一連の詩は、金朝末期の戦乱を描いて「喪乱詩」と評された元好問の詩精神を継ぐものであり、遠く杜甫から続く「詩史」の系譜に連なるものである。そして数少ない、民衆と直接対話しその内容を詩によって表現するという、ドキュメンタリーに近い内容は、当時の民衆の姿を生々しく後世に伝えるものとして高く評価できる。
農民への関心は胡祇遹ら他の中堅地方官にも見られるが、この傾向が当時の知識人の共通の関心であったか否か、『全元詩』などの資料に当たり検証することは今後の課題としたい。
I published a "Wang Yun's Poems and Sayings about Farmer Images" in The Hiyoshi Review of Chinese studies 13. This paper focuses on the description of peasants in Wang Yun's poems and clarifies their features.
The replacement of Jin and the Yuan dynasty has caused catastrophic damage, especially in northern China, and a comparison of historical records shows a drastic decline in the population. He described frankly the people living in North China under the Mongolian government and the early days of Yuan dynasty, In his poems, he wrote terrible situation at that time, such as destroyed and uninhabited villages, abnormal weather brought famine and flood, a former peasant who engages in beggars as a migrant,
Most of these poems are in old form, many lines, each of five syllables : "Min Yu Xing","Tianjia Yao","Liumin Tan" etc. This is of course due to the freedom of rhyming and the unlimited number of characters. Some are created in a series of the modern form of four lines, each of five syllables : "Nongli tan","Lu Yizhe Yu". One of the features of these poems is that Wang Yun himself and farmer appear in the poem, especially in long poem with old form, and the poem is developed interactively.
In history, Wang Yun's books are frequently used as basic research materials of this era. But in the history of Chinese literature, only a few research took notice of his poems, sometimes mentioned as just one of the few literary artists in the early days of Yuan dynasty. However, his series of poems and saying about farmers, inherited the literary spirit of Yuan Haowen who recorded wars of Jin Dynasty's collapsing, and this trend is linked to Du Fu's genealogy far away. And similar to documentary, in which they interact directly with the people and expressed their contents in poetry. We can be highly valued that as conveying the appearance of the people at that time to future generations.
Interest in farmers is seen by Hu Zhiyu and other middle-level local government officials, but it was a common interest of intellectuals at that time, or was not , this is the research task from now on.
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