本研究は、新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)によって遠隔授業が展開される中、身体活動を中核とする体育実技の目的と評価に関して実態調査を行った。調査期間は2021年9月~11月であった。Web調査の内容は教養体育科目の開講状況,2020年度後期と2021年度前期の授業実施形態と実施理由,成績評価方法に関する従来の方針と遠隔授業による対応,等であり、有効回答数は131件(19.2%)であった。従来からの成績評価方法について、評価観点は出席,態度,技術,理解の4つに分類でき,それぞれに対応する代表的な評価方法は,出席回数,教員の観察,実技テスト,筆記テストやレポート,等であった。教養体育の目的は各大学のディプロマ・ポリシーによって異なるが、大多数の大学において体育実技は汎用的能力を含む態度の育成とスポーツ・運動に関わる技術と知識の獲得が評価の内容となっていた。しかし,その配点や方法は様々で各教員に委ねられているケースが多かった。また,評価方法のバリエーションは多くはなく,各観点が適切に評価されているか,透明性は保たれているか等について更に検討が必要と考えられた。次に,COVID19による遠隔体育実技実施は83.2%であり、その内の49.5%が成績評価方法に新たな対応をとっていた。その内容は,評価の観点,配分,方法を再構築した例が31.5%,従来の観点を評価するために実技課題・運動記録・視聴内容のレポートの提出等の補足的方法を加えた例が31.5%となった。このことは,実技実施の制限から技術・態度(汎用能力)を従来通り評価することが困難となったことを示すものと考えられ,従来のテスト・レポートに加えて様々な課題への取り組みが評価のために付加されたといえる。以上の内容は、全国大学体育連合関東支部との共催シンポジウム・同連合の研究フォーラムで議論と発表を行い、遠隔授業の経験を機に体育実技の目的を再確認し、その実施内容と評価方法を再検討する必要性があることを提示した。
The present study examined the current situation concerning the objectives and assessment of physical education in liberal arts higher education in the context of remote classes being deployed due to the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). We surveyed from September to November 2021. The survey included the following questions: the status of physical education courses, the class formats and its reasons in the Fall semester of 2020 and the Spring semester of 2021, and the existing policy on grading methods and the response to remote classes. The number of valid responses was 131 (19.2%). Regarding the traditional grading methods, we could classify them into four categories: attendance, attitude, skills, and comprehension. The typical grading methods corresponding to each were the number of attendances, teacher observation, practical skill tests, and written tests and reports. Although the objectives of physical education varied according to the diploma policy of each university, most universities mentioned that the assessment contents were to develop attitudes, including versatile abilities, and acquire skills and knowledge related to sport and physical activity. However, in many cases, the distribution of grades and methods varied and were left to the individual teachers. The percentage of universities that implemented remote physical education classes was 83.2%, and 49.5% of them took some new approaches in their grading methods. These included 31.5% of cases that reviewed the perspectives, distribution, and methods, and 31.5% of cases that added supplementary procedures such as submitting reports on practical tasks, exercise records and video viewing content to assess the traditional perspectives. This result may indicate that it has become challenging to evaluate skills and attitudes (versatile abilities) due to the limitation of the implementation of practical lessons. Therefore, various tasks have been added for assessment in addition to the conventional tests and reports. The above was discussed and presented at a symposium jointly organized with the Kanto Branch of the Japanese Association of University Physical Education and Sports (JAUPES) and at the 10th research forum of the JAUPES. We showed the importance of taking the experience of remote classes as an opportunity to reconfirm the purpose of physical education and reconsider the content and grading methods of their administration.
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