本研究は, 清朝乾隆嘉慶期に活躍した学者翁方綱(1733～1818)の詩経研究書である手稿本『詩附記』に基づいて, その研究理念と方法論を解明することを目指す。翁方綱は, 戴震・段玉裁・王念孫・王引之らといった, 清朝考証学の方法論を確立し, 学術界をリードした人々と同時代に活躍しながら, 彼らとはやや異なるスタンスによって特色ある学問成果を残した人物である。そのような彼の詩経学を考察することにより, 清朝詩経学の学術的全貌とその発展過程を探る手掛かりを得ることが期待される。
報告者は, 『詩附記』が宋代詩経学の著述からの引用を豐富に含むことに着目している。清朝考証学は宋代の経学の理念と方法論を批判しそれと対蹠的な学問を確立したといわれるが, 実態は必ずしもそうではなく, 宋代詩経学の本質的な要素を吸収発展させて自らの詩経学の理念と方法論を構築した可能性が高いからである。翁方綱の詩経学は, 清朝詩経学と宋代詩経学の学術的関係を解明するために大きなヒントを与えてくれるものと考えられる。
研究を通して, 『詩附記』において南宋・厳粲の『詩緝』からの引用がとりわけ重要であることを知った。厳粲『詩緝』は, 翁方綱のみならず戴震や胡承珙といった代表的学者にも盛んに参照されていて, 宋代詩経学と清朝詩経学の関係を考える上できわめて重要な文献であるが, しかしその性格は充分に解明されていない。そこで, 本年度は翁方綱詩経学を研究する基盤作りとして, 『詩緝』の学術的特徴を深く考察することを目指した。厳粲は詩経解釈において「小序」に従い, しばしばそれは彼の学問の限界を表すものと評価される。だが, 報告者は, 実は厳粲は小序の記述を発想の源泉として従来にない詩人や詩中の人物の心に寄り添った解釈を実現できたことを解明した。
翁方綱および戴震等も小序を尊重した。その学術的意味を考える上で, 本年度の研究成果は重要な意味を持つと考えられる。
This study is based on the Shijing Research Book, holograph of "Shifuji" by Weng Fanggang (1733～1818) a scholar from the Qing Dynasty Qianlong Jiaqing period. The objective is to clarify his research ideology and methodology. Weng Fanggang was a leading scholar of his time along with Dai Zhen, Duan Yucai, Wang Niansun and Wang Yinzhi. These scholars established the methodology of the study of ancient texts during the Qing Dynasty. What set Weng Fanggang apart from his colleagues was his unique perspective, and he left a legacy of academic achievements. Through a discussion of his Shijing studies, it is hoped that some clues to the academic overview and the process of development of Qing Dynasty Shijing studies will be understood.
It has been noted that the "Shifuji" contains a large number of quotes from Song Dynasty Shijing studies. It is assumed that the studies of ancient texts during the Qing Dynasty criticizes the philosophy and methodology of Confucianism during the Song Dynasty, and established an antipodean school of study, but this isn't necessarily the case. It is very probable that the scholars of this period absorbed and developed the essential elements of Song Dynasty Shijing studies, and then created their own unique ideologies and methodologies for studying this subject. It is suggested that Weng Fanggang's Shijing studies might shed light on understanding the relationship between the academic studies done during the Qing and the Song Dynasties.
Studying the "Shifuji" makes it clear that the quotes from Yan Can's "Shiji" written during the Southern Song Dynasty are especially important. Yan Can's "Shiji" is often quoted by not only Weng Fanggang but by Dai Zhen, Hu Chenggong and other leading scholars of the time, and it is an important text in terms of understanding the relationship between Confucianism during the Song Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. Considering this, little analysis has been done regarding this work. With this in mind, we will be studying Weng Fanggang's Shijing studies this year. To create a foundation for studying his works, we will delve into the academic characteristics of "Shiji". Yan Can is often criticized as having limitations because he conformed to the "Xiaoxu" in interpreting the Shijing. However, a more comprehensive examination of his works elucidate that Yan Can, in fact, made interpretations of the poets as well as what the people featured in the poems were thinking in an unconventional way, based on the contents of the Xiaoxu.
Both Weng Fanggang and Dai Zhen placed importance on the Xiaoxu. This year's research should yield important research results of academic significance pertaining to this.