フランスとポーランドで起こったTricholoma equestreによる中毒事故は, 致死的な横紋筋融解症を引き起こした。この原因物質を研究するために, 材料となるキノコの入手が可能かどうかを調べた。日本ではT. equestreはキシメジ(T. flavovirens)と同一とされるが, キシメジと食菌シモコシ(T. auratum)の区別が曖昧であり, 他にも類似した菌が分布しているため, 同定は混乱を極めている。調査の結果, キシメジ, シモコシ, カラキシメジ(T. aestuans)の3種をきちんと同定することが重要であり, 宿主植物, 発生時期, 味等で分別可能であることがわかった。
Mushroom poisoning caused by Tricholoma equestre developed fatal rhabdomyolysis both in France and Poland. The T. equestre is a synonym of T. flavovirens known to distribute in Japan. In order to study the toxic principle of this mushroom, discrimination of this fungus from some similar species is essential. For this purpose, the most complicated problem is absence of definite morphological information of each resembling fungi distribute in Japan. On investigation of possible Tricholoma species, discrimination of the following three yellow species, T. flavovirens, T. auratum, and T. aestuans was turned out to be the critical point. A kind of the host trees helps the discrimination, that is, T. auratum and T. aestuans grow in a coniferous forest, on the other hand, T. flavovirens do not depend on coniferous trees and grows in a broadleaf forest. Taste of the carpophore is another clue, that is, T. aestuans has a bitter taste and then produce a sharp taste on chewing.
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