The melanophores of goldfish（Carrassius auratus）are investigatedduring embryogenesis on their differentiation and migratory behaviors fromneural crest（embryonic shield）cells by means of immunocytochemical studiesusing neural crest specific antibody（HNK-1）and melanoblast specific antibody（MEBL-1）. In preliminary assay using cells derived from neural crest explants,neural crest cells under migration unequivocally cross react with HNK-1 andmelanoblasts with MEBL-1 until onset of melanogenesis, respectively. To disclosemelanophore behavior more precisely, cryosectioned embryos and larvae wereassayed and we obtained following results:（1）the HNK-1 positive cells firstappear in the dorsal ridge of the neural tube at stage 20 and then distribute overall sites of both dorsolateral and ventral pathways,（2）the MEBL-1 positive cellsfirst appear among the neural crest derivatives distributing outside of the neuraltube, suggesting the melanization started during migration,（3）huge number ofmelanoblasts/phores migrate trough dorsoventral route in goldfish, different fromavian and mammals.（4）the melanoblasts and melanophores are found closelyat staring point of migration at stage 20 and later, found at more migratedposition, suggesting the presence of a pioneer which develops the routes. Thisstudy clearly shows that melanoblasts/cytes in goldfish migrate through not onlydorsolateral route but also dorsoventral route. The development and theirfunction of large number of pigment cells invaded into almost all internal organsare discussed.