総務省『全国消費実態調査（2004年)』の個票を用い, ①被保護世帯に対する資産保有条件を緩めた場合, 実際の保護率がどの程度, 変動する可能性があるのか, さらに②実際の保護率の地域差がどのような要因から生じているのか, 貯蓄ばかりでなく乗用車・住宅保有などさまざまな種類の資産保有の制限といった側面からも分析・検討した。
分析により, 2つのことが明らかになった。第一に, 壮年(30～49歳)世帯主世帯, 多人数世帯, 二世代ひとり親同居世帯, 夫婦と子ども世帯では, 一定程度の純貯蓄を認めても, 所得基準のみに基づく仮想的な要保護世帯率の増減幅は相対的に小さい。第二に, 貯蓄額や乗用車保有をどこまで認めるかにより, 所得基準のみに基づく仮想的な要保護世帯率の地域差の大部分が説明可能である。生活保護制度の目的である自立助長のため, 資産保有条件をどこまで緩和するか今後慎重な議論が必要である。
Based on the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication's "National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure (2004)," we analyze and consider restrictions on asset holdings from various aspects, not only focused on savings but also on vehicles and home ownership, among other types, to establish 1) whether there is a possibility of variations in actual assistance rates and their degree in cases of easing asset holding conditions against assisted households; and 2) what types of factors are creating regional disparities in actual assistance rates.
From this analysis, two things became clear.
First, in middle-aged (30 to 49 years) households, multi-person households, households with two generations and one parent living together, and couples-with-children households, even if we accept a certain degree of savings, the fluctuation range between the rate of increase and decrease in households hypothetically in need of public assistance based solely on an earnings standard is relatively small.
Second, depending on the extent to which we assume savings amounts or vehicle ownership, it is possible to explain a large portion of the regional disparities in rates among households hypothetically in need of public assistance, based solely on an earnings standard.
For promoting independence, which is the purpose of the public assistance system, it is necessary to thoroughly debate in the future the extent to which conditions on asset holdings should be eased.
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