「分業」および「社会的分業」をめぐる言説と理論的解釈は, 中小企業の存立をめぐる諸議論等に大きな意味を持ってきた。しかし近年はその意味が十分理解されることなく, 「専門化」や「分化」に置きかえられ, あたかも自明のことのように扱われ, ためにかえって, 生産体系・産業システム全般や中小規模企業のありよう, それらをめぐる変動と新たな問題状況が見えなくなっている。本稿は, スミス以来の議論と, 中小企業の存立や大企業との関係, また地域集積の形成といった論点などを回顧し, マルクスやデュルケームらの視点を手がかりに, グローバル競争と急速な技術革新のもとでの社会的分業の未来を見据えた議論の再構築への視点を示すものである。
Discourse and theoretical interpretation related to "labor division" and "social division of labor" brought an important meaning to the various debates over the existence of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs).
However, in recent years, this meaning is not sufficiently understood, being replaced by "specialization" or "differentiation" and treated as if self-evident, and therefore, the entirety of production and industry systems, the possibility of existence of SMEs, the changes related to these and the situation of new problems are becoming extremely difficult to observe.
This study employs Marx and Durkheim's viewpoint as a clue to provide a perspective on the reconstruction of a debate, anticipating a traditional social division of labor under global competition and sudden technological innovation, looking back at the issues, etc., in the discussion from Smith onwards, the existence of SMEs, the relations with large enterprises and the formation of regional agglomeration.
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