The aim of this paper is to clarify Sawayanagi Masataro's notionof science by reference to his ideas about Buddhism controversy inMeiji 20s. Sawayanagi was known as a government official of theMinistry of Education and as a person of practice of liberal educationat the Seijo elementary school in the Taisho era. Jissaitekikyouikugaku(1909) is his representative work. He advocated toneed to establish 'educational science' there. According to his account,his motivation was based on his experience of a governmentofficial and other experience which he had before publication ofJissaiteki-kyouikugaku. His experience and opinion especially beforepublication of this have not been examined enough, though his workis evaluated. In Meiji 20s, he was committed to Buddhism. Then, he explainedrelationship between religion and science. I suggest that his notion ofscience which was described then is related with idea aboutJissaiteki-kyouikugaku.

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