In this paper I have attempted to clarify how the studies for Japanese history of education have dealt with Tokugawa Confucianism. And so far the main approach of this field was divided broadly into two categories. One considered education is in a broad sense one of the cultural matters, therefore Confucianism is also one of the educational thought which involves the idea of the cultural matters. The other considered the standard of educational thought is the modern educational thought of the western countries, and attempted to search for the similar figure of the modern educational thought in Tokugawa Confucianism. However the recent studies criticize these approaches, and insist it is very important to search for the original views of the educational thought in pre-modern society. On the basis of these discussions this paper aims to construct some theoretical frame to deal with Tokugawa Confucianism from the viewpoint of the study for Japanese history of education.

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