Kizaemon Ariga has studied mainly families and structures of Japanese village community in order to understand our national character. Thus Japanese familes have been regarded as an important element which characterizes structures of the village community. The traditional structure of our village community which he studied, however, has been changed remarkably since World War II. Japanese family system has been affected by changes in the landlord system and the communal mode of production. So, the community life becomes more complicated. Now is the time to consider how to understand the meaning of transition of our community life. The purpose of this article is to deal with summarizing K. Ariga's theory of sociology and evolving it in order to understand our changing community life.