弁別学習の転移は普通先行学習(原学習)に後続学習(検査学習)をそえることによってたしかめられている。そこでもし、後続学習においてその結果が先行学習より速進されているならば学習の積極的転移を認めるのであるが、学習の速進が観察されなければ転移を認めることは出来ない。それゆえに先行学習と後続学習の「如何なる条件がこの学習の転移をもたらすか」が常に問題となり、この点について従来多くの研究がなされて来た。特に弁別学習では刺激条件の局面から「如何なる条件下で学習の転移が認められるのか」の問題が扱われ、更に転移をもたらす充分条件を決定しようとする試みがなされている。こゝで報告する実験もこの観点に従って、用いられた刺激条件の分析から先行学習と後続学習を比較しようとするものである。
This experiment was undertaken to determine whether the transfer of learning was related to the difference of wave lengths presented at the preceding problem and the succeeding one. The entire experiment was divided into two parts, Exp. A and B, each of which comprised two groups of experiments, A_1 and A_2 in Exp. A and B_1 and B_2 in Exp. B. The experiment was conducted with the Skinner-Box and with 14 pigeons. Each unit-experiment contained 3 problems, Ist, 2nd and 3rd, given in this order. Stimulus materials assigned to each group were as follows: [table] The luminance ratio of the two stimuli in the each pair was 2:1, the lighter-darker relation was alternated every day. The stimuli were presented successively in random order, each for 12 seconds through filters. The number of reinforcements per day was 20 and the criterion of learning was set at 100 percent correct response. Results: Errors made in the preceding problem were compared with those made in the succeeding problems and the following facts were found. 1. Transfer of learning was elicited under the condition which the difference of wave lengths in the preceding problem was smaller than the difference of wave lengths in the succeding problem, except one case. (3rd in B_1) These cases are 3rd in A_1, 3rd in A_2 and 2nd in B_1. 2. Transfer of learning was not elicited under the condition which the difference of wave lengths in the preceding problem was larger than the difference of wave lengths in the succeeding problem. These cases are 2nd in A_1, 2nd in A_2 and 2nd, 3rd in B_2.
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