イスラエル国北部ガリラヤ湖東岸のエン・ゲヴ遺跡から出土した土器片の胎土分析結果を紹介する。対象としたのはヘレニズム時代の土器片10点とローマ時代の石灰窯の断片である。
当時、ガリラヤ湖の東西ではギリシア・ローマとユダヤの文化が拮抗していた。そうした中、エン・ゲヴは東岸地域を統治するギリシア・ローマ都市ヒッポスの港町であったと考えられている（Nun 1989）。その一方で、風や港と水運に適した立地条件を有するエン・ゲヴは、水陸双方において湖西地域との繋がりが想定される。こうした仮設を検証し、エン・ゲヴの社会・経済的役割や民族的位置づけを知るための糸口として今回の分析が行われた。分析の結果、エン・ゲヴの土器が湖の東西両地域産であり、ギリシア・ローマとユダヤの文化の境界に位置づけられること、また、石灰窯は地元の石灰岩由来と判明した。
This report focuses on the petrographic analysis of selected Hellenistic pottery sherds (third to mid-first cent. BCE) and a fragment of a lime kiln from the early Roman period (mid-first cent. BCE to 135 CE) that were discovered at 'En Gev, Israel. This study will allow us to understand the socioeconomic situation and ethnic makeup of this settlement through the ceramic and mortar production and consumption patterns in these periods. 
'En Gev is located on the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee, and it is thought to have been a port city associated with the Greco-Roman city of Hippos, which was located about 2 km to the east in the southern Golan region (Segal et al. 2014). During the Roman period, this region, including Hippos, was mainly inhabited by Gentiles with a small Jewish population. Hippos was built not only to control the region, but also to demonstrate its power to the western region of the Sea of Galilee, such as the city of Tiberias with a Jewish population. 'En Gev, believed to have belonged to Hippos, is thought to have had an economic connection with this western region via water transportation of the lake.
This is a preliminary study with a limited number of fragments; however, the results of this petrographic analysis indicate that 'En Gev consumed ceramics from both the eastern and western regions of the Sea of Galilee, in addition to imports from the Mediterranean. These results demonstrate that 'En Gev was an intermediary settlement that was connected with both Greco-Roman and Jewish cultures.

研究ノート