This study examines the relation between the "attitudes" and the "realities" of gender role division and its influence on men's mental health in Japan  and Korea.
 The data used in this study are the "Social Stratification and Social Mobility Survey" in Japan (SSM Japan 2005) and "the Social Stratification and  Social Mobility Survey" in Korea (SSM Korea 2005). Based on general linear model, the following results were obtained: 1) Korean men experience more  gaps between the attitudes and the realities of gender role division than Japanese men. This result reflects the difference in the development of gender 
role division in Japan and Korea. 2) In Japan, the relation between the spouse's employment and the husband's gender role attitudes influences the  husband's life satisfaction. But, this effect is not significant in Korea. On the basis of the previous study, these results can be interpreted that gender  role attitudes have a normative characteristic as the criteria for choosing dual income in Japanese men, but not in Korean men.