肥満治療に使用されている防風通聖散(BTS)、防已黄耆湯(BOT)、大柴胡湯(DST)の3つの漢方薬を取り上げ、腸内細菌叢に及ぼす影響を比較するために、同一のマウスモデルを用いて、同一の実験条件下で同時検討を行った。
C57BL/6Jマウスを、通常食、高脂肪食(HFD)、HFD + 3% BTS抽出物、HFD + 3% BOT抽出物、HFD + 3% DST抽出物の5群に分けた。精巣上体白色脂肪組織(WAT)重量、腸間膜WAT重量、血清トリグリセリド値、血清総コレステロール値を測定したほか、便検体中の総細菌数、α多様性、β多様性、細菌組成を測定した。 HFD対照群と比較して、BTS群およびDST群では体重および精巣上体WAT重量増加が有意に抑制されたが、BOT群では抑制されなかった。
さらに、血清総コレステロール値はDST群でHFD群と比較して有意に低かった。漢方治療群では、HFD群と比較して特定の腸内細菌、すなわちClostridium sensu stricto 1、Erysipelatoclostridium、RoseburiaおよびLachnospiraceae NK4A136群が有意に変化し、それぞれが体重増加、体脂肪率、精巣上体WAT重量、または腸間膜WAT重量と相関した。同一条件下でのBTS、BOTおよびDSTの同時検討により、腸内細菌叢の異なる変化と脂肪蓄積に対する異なる影響、そしてそれらの3つの漢方薬間の関連性を明らかにした。本検討結果については学術雑誌に投稿済みで、現在第一段階の審査を通過し、指摘に基づく修正原稿の第2段階の審査が進行している。
また申請時の検討項目1(肥満抑制効果に関与する生薬群の同定)および項目2(肥満抑制効果に関与する腸内細菌由来活性成分の解明)については、BTSおよびDSTに共通の構成生薬であるオウゴンに着目し、その生理活性成分であるバイカリンについて、項目3(脂肪細胞の分化および肥大化に及ぼす影響)を検討中である。現在のところ株化脂肪細胞3T3-L1細胞を用い、脂肪蓄積抑制効果に関する分子メカニズムを検討している。
Three Kampo medicines used to treat obesity, Bofutsushosan (BTS), Boirakito (BOT), and Daisaikoto (DST), were simultaneously investigated under the same experimental conditions in the same mouse model to compare their effects on gut microbiota.
C57BL/6J mice were divided into five groups: normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + 3% BTS extract, HFD + 3% BOT extract, and HFD + 3% DST extract. Epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, mesenteric WAT weight, serum triglyceride levels, serum total cholesterol levels, and total bacterial count, α diversity, β diversity, and bacterial composition in stool samples were measured. Compared with the HFD control group, increases in body weight and epididymal WAT weight were significantly suppressed in the BTS and DST groups, but not in the BOT group.
Furthermore, serum total cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the DST group compared with the HFD group. In the Kampo treatment group, specific gut bacteria such as Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Erysipelatoclostridium, Roseburia, and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 were significantly changed compared to the HFD group, and were correlated with body weight gain, body fat percentage, epididymal WAT weight, and mesenteric WAT weight, respectively. By simultaneously examining BTS, BOT, and DST under the same conditions, we clarified the different changes in gut microbiota and their effects on fat accumulation, as well as the relationship between these three Kampo medicines. The results of this study have been submitted to an academic journal and have now passed the first peer review, and a revised manuscript based on the submitted comments is currently undergoing a second peer review.
For item 1 (identification of herbal medicines involved in anti-obesity effects) and item 2 (clarification of active ingredients derived from intestinal bacteria involved in anti-obesity effects), which are under consideration at the time of application, we are focusing on Scutellaria Root, a herbal medicine often used in BTS and DST, and for item 3 (effect on differentiation and hypertrophy of adipocytes), we are investigating its physiologically active ingredient, baicalin. Currently, we are elucidating the molecular mechanism of the fat accumulation inhibitory effect using established adipocyte cell line 3T3-L1 cells.
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