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KAKEN_17K03854seika.pdf
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20世紀前半ソ連邦農村社会における国家保険 : 火災・家畜・作物 : 1917-1953
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Kana |
20セイキ ゼンハン ソレンポウ ノウソン シャカイ ニ オケル コッカ ホケン : カサイ・カチク・サクモツ : 1917-1953
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20seiki zenhan Sorenpō nōson shakai ni okeru kokka hoken : kasai kachiku sakumotsu : 1917-1953
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National insurance in peasant society of the Soviet Union in the first half of the 20th century : fire, livestock, crop: 1917-1953
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崔, 在東
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チェ, ゼドン
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Choi, Jaedong
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慶應義塾大学・経済学部 (三田) ・教授
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Research team head
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科研費研究者番号 : 10292856
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2020
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科学研究費補助金研究成果報告書
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2019
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1917年ロシア社会主義革命後ボリシェヴィキ政権は農民保護のために国営強制として火災保険、家畜保険、作物保険を導入した。それと同時に出火件数、家畜の死亡件数、作物の災害面積が急増した。その背景にはボリシェヴィキ政権の積極的な保険政策が横たわっていたが、大半の災害は経済的理由によるものであった。ネップ期だけでなく集団化期と第2次世界大戦直前、戦後復興期にも災害件数は高止まりを続けていた。農民は国営保険の中に経済的困難から抜け出す救済の手段を見出していた。一方、国営保険事業は赤字に陥ることなく、常に大きな黒字を保ち、ボリシェヴィキ政権の財政の重要な源泉となっていた。
After the Russian Socialist Revolution in 1917, the Bolshevik government introduced the national compulsory fire, livestock and crop insurance to protect peasant economy. At the same time, the number of fires, the number of livestock deaths and the disaster area of crops increased rapidly. The background was the active insurance policy of the Bolshevik government, and most disasters were due to economic reasons. The number of disasters have remained in high level not only during the NEP period but also during the collectivization period, until just before World War II, and during the postwar reconstruction period. Peasants have found in the national insurances a remedy to get out of financial hardship. On the other hand, the national insurances did not fall into the red and had maintained a large surplus at all times, and were an important source of the Bolshevik government's finances.
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研究種目 : 基盤研究 (C) (一般)
研究期間 : 2017~2019
課題番号 : 17K03854
研究分野 : ロシア・ソ連経済史
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