Japanese companies have long been internationallyacknowledged for their strength inproduction engineering. Since the early 1980s,their high efficiency in market-oriented productdevelopment has also attracted considerableattention (Clark & Fujimoto 1991).In the field of more "upstream" basic andapplied research, however, it is regarded thatJapan has failed to make sufficient contributionconsidering her economic strength. In themid-1980 s, R&D expenditure of Japanesemajor manufacturers began to exceed investmentin plant and equipment, which madesome people argue that manufacturers havetransformed themselves into "creators"; inother words, that creative research and developmenthas become a major determinant ofthe fate of Japanese industries (Kodama 1995).Considering that active research and development,especially a creative one, would play animportant role in breaking through the statusquo of Japanese industries, we conducted aquestionnaire survey targeting about 1,000 researchersin Japanese private enterprises.This paper is a summary of our study.

慶應義塾大学産業研究所行動科学研究モノグラフ ; No. 42. 日本企業の国際取引における交渉の研究 : アジア、アメリカ企業との技術取引、企業買収(2)