慶應義塾大学学術情報リポジトリ(KOARA)KeiO Associated Repository of Academic resources

慶應義塾大学学術情報リポジトリ(KOARA)

Home  »»  Listing item  »»  Detail

Detail

Item Type Article
ID
AN00234698-19590425-04044228  
Preview
Image
thumbnail  
Caption  
Full text
AN00234698-19590425-04044228.pdf
Type :application/pdf Download
Size :1.5 MB
Last updated :Apr 20, 2007
Downloads : 1170

Total downloads since Apr 20, 2007 : 1170
 
Release Date
 
Title
Title 経済学史上における卸売価格・小売価格形成の理論 : J・S・ミル、ケアンズ、シィジウィック、マーシャルの所説をめぐって  
Kana  
Romanization  
Other Title
Title The Theory of Pricing in Wholesale and Retail Markets, Historically Contemplated  
Kana  
Romanization  
Creator
Name 村田, 昭治  
Kana ムラタ, ショウジ  
Romanization Murata, Shoji  
Affiliation 慶応大学商学部  
Affiliation (Translated)  
Role  
Link  
Edition
 
Place
 
Publisher
Name  
Kana  
Romanization  
Date
Issued (from:yyyy) 1959  
Issued (to:yyyy)  
Created (yyyy-mm-dd)  
Updated (yyyy-mm-dd)  
Captured (yyyy-mm-dd)  
Physical description
 
Source Title
Name 三田商学研究  
Name (Translated) Mita business review  
Volume 2  
Issue 1  
Year 1959  
Month 4  
Start page 79  
End page 98  
ISSN
0544571X  
ISBN
 
DOI
URI
JaLCDOI
NII Article ID
 
Ichushi ID
 
Other ID
 
Doctoral dissertation
Dissertation Number  
Date of granted  
Degree name  
Degree grantor  
Abstract
This article aims to contribute to the clarification of the nature of the retail market by tracing the changes and developments of retail price determination which were incorporated in the economic theories of A. Smith, J. S. Mill, E. Cairnes, H. Sidgwick and A. Marshall. Chapter I of the article covers the price theory held by A. Smith in his work, "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations." Smith asserted that perfect competition did prevail even in the retail market and that prices would exactly cover the costs of production. Thus, the theory due to the assumption of perfect competition, as Smith thought, can neglect the problems which arise in the proper field of commerce. Nevertheless, the study of his thought is rewarding from the standpoint of an economic theory of commerce. Chapter II deals with the theories of price determination in the retail market and the wholesale market, which were mentioned by J. S. Mill. Mill pointed out the universal principle that there could not be two prices for the same goods in the same market. And an example of the competitive market was the wholesale market. On the other hand, in retail markets, there were many prices in different shops or even in the same shop. Mill's theory was established upon the thesis that retail price was determined by "Habit" and "Custom" rather than competition. Thus, Mill observed that ignorance, carelessness, indolence and some other causes made retail prices less regular. Since the middle of the nineteenth century, the markets were removed from conditions of perfect competition, and then dissatisfactions with competition as an explanation of retail price were evidenced in several works. In chapters III and IV, I shall refer to the opinions of E. Cairnes and H. Sidgwick who had a direct influence upon J. S. Mill and went further than Mill in the discussion of retail price determination. Cairnes, the last important English Economist to write in the classical tradition, did break away somewhat Smith's concept of competition in retail trade. As above mentioned, Cairnes's discussion of the difference between competition in retail and wholesale markets adds further explanation to Mill's observation. Namely, retail dealing's rest upon "a moral basis" rather than upon an economic basis. Fluctuations, says Cairnes, in prices are less in retail market than in the wholesale market, and so moral factors account for this. Sidgwick discussed retail prices under the heading of "Monopoly and Combinations." And he concluded that retail prices were above the average rate in open competition. According to Sidgwick, the large gains of retail store were explained by the sale of "Goodwill" or "Connexion." Goodwill is the advantage which an old established business has over a new business at its first start. Lastly, I shall try to make an additional remark on Marshall's explanation of retail price determination. Marshall, too, regarded retail prices as exceptional cases to the rules which determined other prices. This means that a retail dealer, who has established a good connection, has always had a partial and limited local monopoly. So he can set prices arbitrarily to an extent that is impossible in the case of middlemen or ordinary producers. This is because the private consumer is not a good judge of quality and for discovering the cheapest market. Thus, in Marshall's opinion. "The retailer is apt to adapt his charges not to the cost of the services rendered, but to what the customer will bear : he is apt to charge highly in those branches of his business in which his clientele cannot form a good judgement for themselves or are unlikely to truble themselves to buy in the cheapest market. In the nineteenth century, there came the great change and development in the commercial structures in England. This was reflected in a growing dissatisfaction with perfect competition as an explanation of retail prices by the Classical School Economists and Neo-Classical Economists. This is perhaps the result of their realizing the nature of commerce itself, and those economists have contributed much for the establishment and development of a systematic theory of commerce by using the new analytic tools of the theories of Imperfect Competition and Monopolistic Competition. * A. Marshall, "Retail Prices, in Memorials of A. Marshall," ed. By A. C. Pigou, 1925, p. 353.
 
Table of contents

 
Keyword
 
NDC
 
Note

 
Language
 
Type of resource
text  
Genre
Journal Article  
Text version
publisher  
Related DOI
Access conditions

 
Last modified date
Mar 28, 2024 22:38:12  
Creation date
Apr 20, 2007 13:00:50  
Registerd by
mediacenter
 
History
 
Index
/ Public / Faculty of Business and Commerce / Mita business review / 2 (1959) / 2(1) 195904
 
Related to
 

Ranking

most accessed items
1st 新自由主義に抗す... (427) 1st
2nd 斎藤隆夫の「粛軍... (340)
3rd 慶應義塾図書館史... (271)
4th 認知文法から考え... (265)
5th M&Aにおける... (263)

most downloaded items
1st <<Qu'... (1470) 1st
2nd 新参ファンと古参... (437)
3rd 731部隊と細菌戦 ... (314)
4th 日本における美容... (268)
5th 新自由主義に抗す... (267)

LINK

慶應義塾ホームページへ
慶應義塾大学メディアセンターデジタルコレクション
慶應義塾大学メディアセンター本部
慶應義塾研究者情報データベース