In this paper, the author review comments concerning hopes which are described in the literature (including Japanese-translated foreign literature) about the medicine and medical care in the modern Japan, and make it clear in the following two parts that hopes play a major role at every stage of diseases. (1) On the basis of the psychoneuroimmunological finding that hope has immunological effects, there is a therapy incorporating invoking patient's hopes. For example, in Simonton-approach, a therapist tries to share with a patient with cancer a hope that hoping recovery enhances recovery. In this approach, a mental imagery to visualize recovery plays an important role as a method for invoking hopes. However, of course, there is a slight possibility of disappointment, therefore mental care based on the following philosophy of hope is necessary. "An hope having no possibility of disappointment is not a true hope." (2) Elisabeth Kiibler-Ross says that when a patient's hope changes into a hope of life after death, those around the patients do their best to listen to and strengthen the patient's hope. Considering a hope for eternal life in heaven to be one of the subjects of death education, Alfons Deeken says 'that we can visualize heaven by means of imagination, as Jesus Christ did. Therefore, visualization would be one of the methods for strengthening patient's hopes. As seen from the two considerations above-mentioned, hopes accompanied by imagination prove their true merits on medical care work.