In this paper, recent studies on sex and gender are reviewed in terms of three major approaches, which are modelled after Deaux's typology. That is, [○!a] Sex as a subject variable (Sex differences), [○!b] Sex as a social category (Gender stereotypes), [○!c] Individual differences in masculinity, femininity and androgyny (Personality differences). The findings are summarized as follows; (1) Sex-of-subject differences are less pervasive than many have thought, (2) There is some degree of consensus concerning the types of characteristics associated with one sex versus the other. (3) The unique contribution of androgyny, in the sense of a construct with emergent properties, has yet to be demonstrated.