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AN00150430-00000033-0133  
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本文公開日
 
タイトル
タイトル 視えることのメカニズム : 明るさに関する知覚の諸実験を通しての随想的点描  
カナ ミエル コト ノ メカニズム : アカルサ ニ カンスル チカク ノ ショ ジッケン オ トオシテ ノ ズイソウテキ テンビョウ  
ローマ字 Mieru koto no mekanizumu : akarusa ni kansuru chikaku no sho jikken o toshite no zuisoteki tenbyo  
別タイトル
名前 Mechanism of seeing with especial reference to brightness  
カナ  
ローマ字  
著者
名前 宇野, 善康  
カナ ウノ, ヨシヤス  
ローマ字 Uno, Yoshiyasu  
所属 慶應義塾大学  
所属(翻訳)  
役割  
外部リンク  
 
出版地
東京  
出版者
名前 三田哲學會  
カナ ミタ テツガクカイ  
ローマ字 Mita tetsugakukai  
日付
出版年(from:yyyy) 1957  
出版年(to:yyyy)  
作成日(yyyy-mm-dd)  
更新日(yyyy-mm-dd)  
記録日(yyyy-mm-dd)  
形態
 
上位タイトル
名前 哲學  
翻訳  
 
33  
1957  
3  
開始ページ 133  
終了ページ 171  
ISSN
05632099  
ISBN
 
DOI
URI
JaLCDOI
NII論文ID
 
医中誌ID
 
その他ID
 
博士論文情報
学位授与番号  
学位授与年月日  
学位名  
学位授与機関  
抄録
What is discussed with emphasis in this article may be summarizied as follows: Preface - The symbolic meanings of objects we perceive play such an important role in our actual life that the perception which is value-oriented by "cognitive contexts" should not be ignored in the study of perception. The cognitive contexts mentioned here may be taken as equivalent to the "Stream of thought, of consciousness or of subjective life" of W. James. On investigating these matters the underlying mechanisms of visual perception which have been known must be thoroughly considered. I. From the study of visibility to the study of perceiving concrete objects - Fundamental facts in the visual acuity and visual resolving power are discussed, refering to S. Hecht's contributions to sense-physiological studies. Hecht's main concern in these studies may be stated "unidimensional" in the sense that he did not take into consideration the process of the spatial organization explicitly. However, the concept of spatial organization is of importance in K. Koffka's theory of spatial perception. From K. Koffka's point of view the spatial organization should still exist even in such strictly controlled conditions as in Hecht's experiments though it might be in a latent state. Whenever visual stimuli have some structure in spatial pattern the visual field is divided into figure and ground as a result of spatial organization process. The figure appears on the ground as a more organized part of the visual field and one of the important phenomena observed between the figure and the ground is the contrast II. A survey of the studies of contrast phenomena and discussions there-to - As to the present state of the study of contrast, it may be said that progress from describing the phenomena to their explanation has just taken place. Several examples of conditions which influence the phenomena are enumerated and Mach's phenomenon, a special case of the subjective enhancement of brightness, is discussed in detail historically and also physiologically. Among the studies of the contrast phenomena, K. Motokawa's recent works conducted by a physiological method are worthy of attention. The new operational concepts, for instance, "Contrast effect" defined in terms of the measures employed in his method seem to have cast a light to the explanation of contrast. The more important is that these concepts seem to provide an electrophysio-logical frame-work which enables us to explain diversity of process in the retina in a unified way. III. Tension in the field of visual perception - K. Koffka once called our attention to a special property of "coherence" inside of a contour line on a homogeneous plane. There are, indeed, some differences in the value of the threshold and in the after-effects between the outside and the inside of the contour line. These phenomena are named, 'Tension' in this article and some examples of tension are mentioned. W. Kohler's theory of electric current by which the phenomena like these are explained under a term, "Satiation", also explains the process of differentiating the figure from its ground by applying the law of Kirchhoff. But, his theory stands in part on the hypothesis concerning the ion concentration and thus the action of electric currents in the optic nervous sectors. Its experimental proof is urgently called for. IV. A problem in the study of visual pereetpion - When objects are perceived they are given some meanings, symbolic or illusional, by the eyes, so to speak, of the cognitive contexts. With reference to the character of these cognitive contexts, we have a problem which is suggested in the preface and this chapter. Optical illusions may be adequately divided into two types as illustrated by W. James. Although it does not seem impossible to give an explanation in terms of Gestalt theory to the phenomena which belong to the first class, there seems to be no such theory that provides us with a satisfactory explanation of the phenomena which belong to the second. In conclusion, we should distinguish three levels in the study of visual perception. The first level consists in the microscopic analysis of visual sensation and Hecht's studies previously referred to may be good examples. As seen in the figure-and-ground phenomenon the influence of spatial organization becomes conspicuous in the second level. And also it can be observed in this level that a certain meaning spontaneouly arises from the 'Gestalt' which we perceive in accordance with the law of 'Pragnanz'. In the third level, it is necessary to investigate the perception which is directed somehow and to explore the nature of the cognitive contexts as they participate in the perception.
 
目次
序
I. 視えることの最基底的研究から具体的対象の研究へ
II. 対比現象研究の諸例とマッハ現象の考察
III. 視知覚的場の緊張
IV. 認知に於ける潜勢的文脈と社会的視力
 
キーワード
 
NDC
 
注記

 
言語
日本語  
資源タイプ
text  
ジャンル
Journal Article  
著者版フラグ
publisher  
関連DOI
アクセス条件

 
最終更新日
Aug 24, 2010 09:00:00  
作成日
Aug 24, 2010 09:00:00  
所有者
mediacenter
 
更新履歴
 
インデックス
/ Public / 文学部 / [哲学] 哲学 / 33 (195703)
 
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