【目的】東京市立日比谷図書館は1908年に開館した。東京市は, その当時, 日比谷図書館と同一様式の通俗図書館を各区に1箇所以上設立する計画を立てていた。その後, この方針は変更され, 独立した図書館ではなく学校に付設された簡易図書館を設立することになった。本研究の目的は, 学校付設図書館が設立される際の計画, 方針や運営の変遷, サービスの実態を明らかにすることにある。さらに, その背景となる東京市が直面していた問題, 東京市の方針等との関連性を経済, 行財政や教育政策等の観点から考察する。
【方法】当時の雑誌, 新聞, 公文書類等による文献調査を行った。研究対象期間は1908年から1914年迄である。
【結果】東京市は, 当時財政難, 人口急増等の多くの都市問題や行政課題を抱えていた。東京市の教育上の最優先課題は小学校の増設にあった。学校付設図書館は, 小学校の敷地の一部に, 立地条件, サービスエリアの調査, 費用負担の問題等を考慮して建設された。学校付設図書館では蔵書規模は小さいものの, 閲覧料無料の理念の下で, 市民の利便に配慮し, 地域の特性にあわせたサービスが実施された。学校付設図書館の建設は, 東京市の財政, 経済, 教育政策等の問題を考慮しながら, 周到に準備され計画されていた。
Purpose: Tokyo Municipal Hibiya Public Library opened in 1908. At that time, Tokyo City had drawn up a plan to establish one or more public libraries in each ward, identical to Hibiya Library. Later this policy was changed, and instead of independent libraries, it was decided to set up simplified libraries affiliated with schools. This study examined the planning, transitions in policy and operation, as well as the actual services provided when the school affiliated libraries were set up. The study also examined the underlying problems faced by Tokyo City and their relationship with the City's policies from the perspectives of economy, financial administration, and education policy.
Methods: Magazines, newspapers, government documents, and library bulletins from the period 1908 to 1914 were investigated.
Results: Tokyo City was facing many urban problems at the time. The top priority for education in Tokyo City was to increase the number of primary schools. Libraries affiliated with schools were constructed on part of the premises of primary schools, where establishment plans and advance preparations took into account the location requirements of libraries, investigation of area served, cost burden, etc. Although book collections were small in libraries affiliated with schools, they were established under the principle of free access for citizens and they offered services that considered the convenience of citizens and characteristic features of the region. For the construction of libraries affiliated with schools, a well-prepared plan was developed considering the problems of public administration, economy, and education policies of Tokyo City.
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