This paper explores the features of gender differences in intergenerational support in later life in contemporary urban China and Japan. Based on a qualitative study of the middle-aged and the elderly generations in Shenyang and Tokyo/Yokohama, I illustrate how gender effects in adult children's support to their parents, the elderly parents' support to their children, and inheritance. From the narratives of the interviewees in Shenyang, it is observed that there is no specific role allocation based on gender among adult children in supporting their elderly parents, because all children are considered to have obligations to do so. However, some elderly interviewees consciously favor their sons in support to adult children, especially in the cases of inheritance. On the other hand in Tokyo/Yokohama, difficult to obtain support from their male siblings or spouses, female family members are still the main providers of the elderly care. And there is no obvious evidence that parents give priority to their sons or daughters in support to children and inheritance. Gender differences in these two societies are considered to be related to women's status in the labor market as well as traditional culture framework.