本研究おいて、慶應義塾大学・医学部・病院リウマチ・膠原病内科に所属する研究分担者のこれまでの研究により得られた肉芽腫性炎症部位に高発現するmatrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12)を標的として、このMMP-12の発現を検出可能な新たな蛍光プローブの開発に取り組んだ。MMP-12は蛋白質の切断活性を有する酵素であることから、まずはMMP-12により選択的に切断される基質認識部位のアミノ酸配列を調べた。研究分担者らとのディスカッションを通して、in vitroの酵素アッセイにおいてMMP-12以外での切断報告が無いCXCL(C-X-C motif chemokine ligand)やCXCR(C-X-C motif chemokine receptor)、MMP-12ノックアウト動物を用いてin vivoでMMP-12の関与が示されたIFN (interferon)-α/γに着目して、14~16残基の候補配列を23個選定した。さらにペプチド合成機によって、これらの候補アミノ酸配列をFmoc固相合成法により合成し、ペプチドのN末端に5-carboxyfluoresceinを標識した。この蛍光標識ペプチドに対してMMP-12を反応させ、切断効率をHPLCによって評価した。候補ペプチド23個のうち、MALDI-MSによって合成を確認できた21個について酵素アッセイを行った。その結果、酵素反応2時間後において、8種類のペプチドの切断率は85%を超えた。同じ条件において市販の非選択的なMMP-12の基質の切断率が80%だったことから、この8種類は高い効率で切断されたと考えた。また、MMP-2, 7, 9の3つのアイソザイムを用いてアイソザイム選択性を評価したところ、8個の候補ペプチドのうち1個の切断率は16時間後においても10%以下と非常に小さかった。このことから、MMP-12によって高効率かつ高選択的に切断される基質ペプチドの同定に成功した。これまでに、MMP-12の選択的な切断配列の報告はなく、今後は、見出した基質ペプチドを介して蛍光団と消光団とを結合させたFRET型蛍光プローブを開発していく。
The co-investigators, who belong to division of rheumatology department of internal medicine Keio university school of medicine, have found MMP-12 highly expressing in the granulomatous inflammatory site for its diagnosis so far. In this study, we try to develop a novel fluorescent probe for detecting the expression of MMP-12. MMP-12 is an enzyme which cleavages the specific amino acid sequences, so we firstly searched the amino acid sequences which are selectively cleaved by MMP-12. Through the discussion with the co-investigators, we selected 23 candidate amino acid sequences consisting of 14-16 amino acid residues as MMP-12's selective substrate sequences including CXCL (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand) and CXCR (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor), which are not reported to be cleaved by enzymes except MMP-12, and IFN (interferon)-α/γ, which was reported to be related with MMP-12 by the in vivo experiment with MMP-12-knockout animals. Further, we synthesized these candidate peptides conjugated with 5-carboxyfluorescein at the N-terminal of each peptide with the peptide synthesizer by using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. We reacted these fluorescent dye-labelled peptides with MMP-12, and evaluated the cleavage efficiency of these peptides by HPLC. Among 23 candidate peptides, 21 peptides were synthesized confirming by the MALDI-MS analysis, and we performed the enzymatic assay of the synthesized peptides. As a result, the cleavage efficiencies of 8 peptides were more than 85% after 2 hour-incubation with the enzyme. Since the cleavage efficiency of the commercially available non-selective substrate for MMP-12 was 80% in the same condition, we thought that these 8 peptides were cleaved by MMP-12 high-efficiently. We evaluated the isozyme selectivity of these candidate peptides against 3 isozymes, MMP-2, 7, 9, and the cleavage efficiency of one of 8 peptides was less than 10%, i.e., very low, after 16-hour incubation with the enzymes. From these results, we successfully identified the highly selective and efficient substrate peptide for MMP-12. So far, there is no report of the selectively cleavable amino acid sequence for MMP-12, and we will develop a FRET-based fluorescent probe for the MMP-12 activity by linking the fluorophore and the dark quencher via the identified substrate peptide.
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