本研究は, 民主主義を規定する空間的政治制度として選挙区を捉え, その成立から現在に至るまでの変化を歴史的制度論の文脈で捉え, 選挙区制度が日本政治にどのような影響を与えたのかを問うものであった。1889年に成立した最初の選挙区は, 地方自治においては歴史的な自然村ではなく行政村を新設した明治政府が, 選挙区においては機械的な原案設定と府県知事への政治社会経済秩序を勘案した照会を経て, 近世的な秩序を継承して構築していた。それは明治大選挙区制, 大正小選挙区制を通じて, その後70年にわたって続く中選挙区制に至る地盤の継続性を構築する基盤となっていた。
This project has focused on a Research question, "how Japanese electoral district effected to Japanese politics?" With regarding the electoral district as spatial political institution, which established democracy because it define how electorate will express. The main findings is explanation about the architecture of the first electoral districts in 1889. As far for the concept of centralization of the administration, the Meiji government adopted historical, political, economic and social continuity from early modern era. They weighted on governors perception, and arranged the draft which the bureaucrats in the central government. As a result, the effect of the ancien regime in local side strongly existed, and local powered groups had exerted their power in the districts. And though large-constituency system(1900-1919) and single-seat constituency system(1919-1925), their effect led the electoral power base in any electoral districts in multiple-seat constituency system(1925-1994).
|
