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AN00234610-20220101-0023.pdf
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Title |
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脱炭素政策と環境実証
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Kana |
ダツタンソ セイサク ト カンキョウ ジッショウ
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Datsutanso seisaku to kankyō jisshō
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Decarbonizing energy sector : perspectives from empirical environmental economies
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小西, 祥文
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コニシ, ヨシフミ
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Konishi, Yoshifumi
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Affiliation |
慶應義塾大学経済学部
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Faculty of Economics, Keio University
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慶應義塾経済学会
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ケイオウ ギジュク ケイザイ ガッカイ
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Romanization |
Keiō gijuku keizai gakkai
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2022
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三田学会雑誌
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Name (Translated) |
Mita journal of economics
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114
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4
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2022
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1
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355 (23)
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380 (48)
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Abstract |
本稿は,電力部門の脱炭素化に関する海外の先端的な実証研究を(選択的に)紹介することで,日本の脱炭素政策および同分野における環境実証研究への三つの視座を提示する。第一に,再生可能エネルギーの脱炭素効果および経済価値は極めて重要な時間的・空間的異質性を持つため,その異質性に応じた価値付与(プライシング)の仕組みが必要である。第二に,送電制約や伝統的な電力規制は,再生可能エネルギーを経済価値に応じて最適に利用するための障害となってしまうため,そのような技術的・制度的な制約を実証的に正しく評価し,解消するための取り組みが必要である。第三に,需給逼迫時や大規模な自然災害に柔軟かつ安全に対応するための市場の仕組みやその実証的評価に関する研究が決定的に不足しており,理論・実証両面での経済学的知見の拡充が望まれる。
This paper offers three new perspectives on Japan’s decarbonization policies by selectively reviewing the recent empirical environmental economics literature on the decarbonization of the electricity sector. First, the CO2-reduction impact (hence, their economic value) of renewable energy (such as solar and wind) has highly important temporal and spatial heterogeneity. Thus, we need some innovative policy instrument to incorporate such heterogeneity into carbon pricing. Second, transmission constraints and conventional electricity market regulations may pose significant obstacles to the optimal use of renewable energy in accordance to their economic value. Thus, we need credible empirical research more that can rigorously evaluate, and offer economically viable solutions for, such technological and institutional constraints. Third, there is a clear shortage of research, both theoretical and empirical, on the design of electricity markets (such as capacity markets) that would ensure flexible and reliable electricity supply in the event of demand-supply imbalance and (unpredictable) natural disasters.
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Keyword |
empirical environmental economics
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